Class discussion you will identify wage and salary components of an Essay

Class conversation you will recognize compensation and pay parts of a successful execution evaluation program - Essay Example parability Survey and specified that preceding directing the pay and pay overview, â€Å"an examination of the representative remuneration framework ought to be founded on an exhaustive comprehension of pertinent guidelines and investigation of the work force approaches and systems, procedures and uses supporting an agency’s pay plan† (Center for Community Futures, n.d., p. 1). At that point, the anticipated degree of remuneration ought to be expressly decided and recognized; related to the assets or assets of the association. This would empower the leaders to check the capacities with respect to making the essential changes in pay scale, contingent upon the consequences of the pay and compensation overview. It was accentuated that pay and pay studies are instruments which help with keeping up â€Å"internal and outside compensation value for employees† (Chapter 9: Managing Compensation, 2012, p. 34). Thusly, to lead business started pay and pay studies, the accompanying critical advances and factors should be thought of: (1) the suitable choice of key employments to be overviewed; (2) an assurance of the applicable work showcase; (3) choosing associations to contrast current compensation structure and; (4) settling on the data that should be gathered: compensation, benefits, pay strategies, and other appropriate information influencing wages and pay rates; (5) adequately ordering and utilizing the data that is gathered; lastly, (6) deciding the pay structure to be paid dependent on the installment objectives that were initially set (Chapter 9: Managing Compensation, 2012, p. 36). For example, there is the National Compensation Survey arranged by the Bureau of Labor Statistics which is a territory based study and gathers data dependent on geographic area; the quantity of foundations which are illustrative of every area; all occupations inside the recognized foundations that are remembered for the review; lastly, the pay and advantages given in every occupation. As revealed, the

Margaret Thatcher Essay Analysis Essay Example

Margaret Thatcher Essay Analysis Essay During the play you get the thought that cash controls all. Just as the classes, which are decided on measures of cash, there is a solid feeling of cash = life. This is demonstrated when the investigator interrogates Mrs Burling regarding Eva Smith. When Eva Smith falls pregnant Eric, the dad likewise child to Mrs Burling, acknowledges cash is required and takes some from his dad. Mrs Burling states, not knowing Eric has done this, that the OK thing the dad ought to do is wed her, in this manner giving her cash. Mr Burling likewise respects cash as he attempts to pay the base wages to his assembly line laborers in this way acquiring himself more. Toward the start of act one he discusses how it would be a smart thought if his organization and Geralds fathers should consolidated. This thought of his is genuinely founded on how much cash he can gain himself. Mrs Burling additionally appears to pine for cash, yet attempts to give you the feeling that she is honest. She attempts to shush Mr Burling when he brings this up at the eating table and later proposes that they should talk in private. Presently Arthur, I dont figure you should talk business just at this point. In An Inspector Calls it is recognizable that everything that J. B. Priestley either highlights or ridicules happens today. We will compose a custom article test on Margaret Thatcher Essay Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Margaret Thatcher Essay Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Margaret Thatcher Essay Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Today there is prostitution, a major accuse society and class structures. Cash additionally has a major impact on the planet today. You frequently observe bunches of individuals selling large issues. At the point when a man of white collar class strolls past somebody like this the underlying response is Why are they there, what have they done to make themselves so low. Regularly individuals dont need to offer cash to them or even purchase the magazine since individuals think theyre simply going to utilize it to purchase drugs and so forth. Toward the finish of the play J. B. Priestley makes you consider how you have the urge you to improve society. Margaret Thatcher said in 1980 There is no general public today. The young toward the finish of the play give some plan to society in their activities. This play is extremely cunning and this is the reason it has remained so mainstream. I feel that the dramatization of the have additionally plays a major impact in why An Inspector Calls has remained so well known. J. B. Priestley said to cause a decent show you to need to remove all the beverage blending and so on and continue ahead with the storyline. On the planet today there is a component of how we like to feel to some degree cunning and better than others. This highlights in the play when Mrs Burling is discussing how the dad of the infant is to be faulted and how he ought to be sent down for this. She says I censure the dad for everything end of act two. Obviously during her discourse the crowd have really recognized who the dad is and stays there simply hanging tight for Mrs Burling to find this too. We like to see and appreciate a dislikeable character diminish down to estimate. When Sheila figures out how to get a word in she goes up against her mom about Eric being the dad and the blame sets in. When Eric shows up on the scene Mrs Burling attempts to come up with pardons for what shes said and searches for a substitute. In any case, I didnt realize it was you-I never envisioned. Furthermore, youre not the sort you dont become inebriated. This shrewdness and diminishing the character down to measure bids to us and in this manner make us need to observe more. During An Inspector Calls the characters talk about others in the town and shops, bar and so forth. This gives the crowd information that there are a greater number of individuals other than the principle characters engaged with the play. It shows that the characters in front of an audience arent the main individuals on the planet. Each character has a primary key to them, Mr Burling is a man generally fixated on cash, Mrs Burling a lady who accuses others, Eric somewhat of a womanizer and Sheila a confident yet desirous individual. By referencing others J. B. Priestley is attempting to get the crowd to understand that there is, for instance, more than one hoarder on the planet and maybe we are for the most part liable here and there of these things. This is an astute method of getting the crowd in question and nearly being a piece of the play. In a meeting J . B. Consecrated discussed this and said how it was critical to remember their general surroundings for the play in light of the fact that else it causes the play to appear to be completely founded on the characters as though they are the main individuals on this world. J. B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls is a play predominantly based around a family. It shows how they adapt to whichever circumstance is tossed at them. During the play the characters snap and attempt to accuse one another and Mr Burling, for instance, gets unsettled. The crowd become dependent and like watching characters managing troublesome circumstances. Its very pleasurable, I think, for the crowd to observe every last one of the characters endure in an alternate manner. The play at that point quickly gets practical as individuals today likely respond a similar path as a portion of the characters. People today become dependent on this sort of play and current forms somewhat like An Inspector Calls are seen today. Projects like Big Brother and My Family are precise however with present day turns. In the play J. B. Religious uses a considerable amount of emotional incongruity. He has astutely made his story line with the goal that it conveys you mostly and afterward abruptly drops you toward the end. Up until almost the end you know whats going to occur and understand that the reviewer is a phony. When the crowd has comprehended the storyline there is a component of fulfillment as you might suspect you know the storyline. Its not until the end when there is a call saying there had been a self destruction that you start to ponder. The creators utilization of emotional incongruity toward the start is skilful, as it brings you into the play. At the point when Mr Burling discusses how incredible the Titanic is and how there will never be going to be war, you feel unrivaled as you realize that Mr Burlings information isn't truly dependable. Mr Burling says: Therell be harmony and success and the Titanic-resilient. It likewise interests you about whats going to happen on account of the characters absence of information. Emotional Irony likewise includes when Mrs Burling denounces the dad, of Eva Smiths infant, as unreliable and a smashed youthful idler. In the play J. B. Priestley utilizes only a pinch of funniness. This empowers the crowd to loosen up more and become some portion of the play. By utilizing humor it helps the play and makes it progressively pleasant for the crowd. The kind of cleverness J. B. Priestley utilizes is little sums and sparingly. It separates the genuine thoughts in the play and permits the crowd to process the show without any problem. The cleverness generally includes in the part played by the Inspector. I think this is on the grounds that the crowd visualize the overseer as a serious harsh man. Like the storyline, Priestly has done this to permit the crowd to process him without any problem. The reviewer says lines like We didnt think you implied Buckingham Palace and I dont play golf, its a disgrace. At last J. B. Priestleys An Inspector calls, I think, attempts to pass on one significant message to its crowd; Helping others is the way to progress. The play shows a Christian message of how we have to improve todays society and to refute Margaret Thatchers saying, and maybe the perspectives on Mr Burling, that there is nothing of the sort as society. An Inspector Calls is a play which connects through the investigator to its crowd. The overseer, a cautious yet profound man, gives us that there isnt a need in this world for enviously, disgraceful mysteries or class structures. Through questioning the remainder of the characters he discloses every one of their issues and gives us how it isn't right. An Inspector Calls can fascinate its crowd and to teach them simultaneously. It gives us that the exercises we gain from watching and perusing this play may make us need to attempt to remake society today.

What Fall 2016 admitted students should know going forward COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What Fall 2016 admitted students should know going forward COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Most of you reading this blog post received the admission decision you were hoping to get when you applied to SIPA this year. You should be proud of your achievement. There was a competitive applicant pool and your application was exemplary. And now that the celebrations have died down a bit, I wanted to recap a few things that every newly-admitted student should know going forward. The Welcome Portal The Welcome Portal has everything you need regarding next steps. It tells you about upcoming deadlines and special events, offers advice on how to apply for student housing, includes details about Admitted Students Day in April, and even explains the visa process and ALP requirement for international students. So review the Welcome Portal  to explore the many benefits of being a Columbia University student. This is also where youll go to  accept your admissions offer by April 15/May 1, depending on what your admission letter says. (Log-in details for the Welcome Portal may be found in your admissions letter.) I also invite you to follow us on Instagram  (@Columbia.SIPA) and share your admissions story with us using #IGotIntoSIPA. (Theres also a hidden surprise in the Welcome Portal thatll make sharing your good news so much easier!) Your Status Page Before the academic term starts, youre going to get sick and tired of me mentioning the Status Page  (especially through reminder emails). But I only bug you because I care, and I want you to start off the school year without any delays. Your Status Page is where you go to review your Application  Checklist. There are a few items on your checklist that we must have in order to finalize your academic record before August 2016. And if your record isnt finalized, you wont be able to register for classes during Fall 2016 orientation. (Gasp!) Official Documents When you review the Welcome Portal, youll notice a section that outlines upcoming deadlines for the Application Checklist materials, also known as official documents. These are hard deadlines for the Admissions Office to receive your official documents, mainly transcripts and test scores. I can guarantee that 90% of you have not submitting all of your  official documents to our office. Heres what I mean: You applied to SIPA. You submitted a scanned copy of your college transcript(s). You were admitted to SIPA with that scanned transcript(s). But guess what, its still a scan of a transcript, which means it is an unofficial copy. Even if your college registrars office handed you an official transcript, since you opened it and scanned it, we must considered it as an unofficial copy. Its technically been altered, so it doesnt count as an official document. To help you remember that fact, I  added these nifty little notifications at the top of your Status Page  that tell you which documents were missing. But wait, your Status Page  has a green checkmark next to your transcript(s) and youre still seeing these notifications. Well, chances are the notifications are there for a reason.  The checklist is referring to your unofficial copy tied to your admissions application: just cross check the upload date and hover over the checkmark to see if  the pop-up text reads Received Copy or Received. Still confused? Then read this blog post,   Dissecting the Application Checklist.  (And yes, the blog post is highlighted in yellow  on your Status Page for all time.) (P.S. These messages will not appear on your Status Page until after you have responded to your admission offer and paid the enrollment deposit.) Got it now? Good! The process for sending us your official transcripts and test scores is outlined in the Welcome Portal. Ive also included it below: Official transcripts and test scores are due by July 1, 2016 (unless instructed otherwise). Official test scores must be sent to us by the testing company (e.g., ETS, GMAC). GRE/TOEFL ibt school code: 2161 (no department code) GMAT school code: MIA  is  QF8-64-56; MPA  is  QF8-64-99 You may mail your official transcripts to: Columbia University | SIPA Office of Admissions Financial Aid 514 West 113th Street New York, New York 10025 Or  email to sipa_admission@sipa.columbia.edu, but  the transcripts must be sent from the registrars office through a service like eSCRIP-SAFE in order to be considered official. Official Test Scores The same rules outlined above apply to your official test scores. But  if you truly  know you sent us your official scores, there may be a workaround from re-ordering your test scores. Chances are your application name and email address arent the same as the name and email address you registered to take the GRE/GMAT or TOEFL/IELTS with a few months ago. (You may recall us warning against this in the application instructions.) Thus,  we couldnt match the exam to your account because of the mismatch. If thats the case, contact the testing center and confirm your full name, date of birth and email address  associated with your account. Youll need to send us that information, along with  the batch number/cycle number for GRE and TOEFL scores; the appointment number and identification number for GMAT scores; or send us the official score report hard copy for IELTS scores. Fellowships Scholarships Financial Aid Fellowships If you received a scholarship or fellowship,  you will have received a separate notification letter about your funding along with your letter of admission. (Early-action candidates had to wait until now to learn about their funding status.) For domestic students, we’ll also communicate student loans and work-study details in award letters, but you’ll only receive that letter after you’ve submitted a FAFSA at www.fafsa.ed.gov,  using school code 002707.  In order to be considered for financial aid, it’s important that you submit your FAFSA as soon as possible. The sooner you submit it, the sooner our financial aid staff  can issue your award letter. Most financial-aid packages are released one to two weeks after your FAFSA is received. To see your funding letters, go to your Status Page, scroll down to where it says  Status Update and click on the View Update link. From there, youll be directed to your admission letter (confetti! yay!). Then youll need to scroll down to the bottom of your letter. This is where youll see if you have one (or several) letters available to read. If theres an additional dated hyperlink then that means you have another message in your account. So click on it! All students, whether funded their  first year or not, will be able to apply for second-year funding. Most of this funding is in the form of assistantships for  second-year students who succeeded in their first year of studies. (You’ll learn more about these opportunities during the spring semester of your first year.) We also encourage you to visit  https://new.sipa.columbia.edu/financial-aid  for more information about funding your education, which includes  a database of external funding opportunities. Dual-Degree Funding If you’ve been admitted to SIPA as a dual-degree student and were offered funding,  the first year of funding is for 2016/17 and the second year of funding is for 2017-18. So if a dual-degree student starts at SIPA and spends Year 2 elsewhere, they get their first-year award, but  not their second-year award from SIPA. (The same holds true in reverse.) We can’t extend any part of your second-year award beyond the spring semester of 2018, so you really have to complete your studies at SIPA prior to moving on to the next institution. Why? Well, in order to receive four semesters worth of aid from SIPA, you have to attend SIPA all four semesters. So if you decide to start your studies at another Columbia graduate school, then you actually become one of their students, and not ours, so funding and tuition payments become your responsibility with the other school. And keep in mind if you  decide to defer your admission, you forfeit all of your funding because we awarded you merit-base d aid  on the condition you start at SIPA in the 2016/17 academic year. Additionally,  if any admitted students have any specific financial-aid inquiries, please email them with a descriptive and informative subject line to sipa_finaid@columbia.edu. Thats all the advice I have for now. If you need anything give us a call or send an email. And once again, congratulations to our admitted students!

Cosmos Episode 12 Viewing Worksheet

In the spring of 2014, Fox aired the television series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson. This amazing show, with solid science explained in a totally accessible way, is a rare find for a teacher. Not only is it informative, but students also seem to be entertained and invested in the episodes as Neil deGrasse Tyson narrates and gets excited. Whether,  as a teacher, you  need a video to show your  class as a reward or as a supplement to a science topic, or even as a lesson plan to be followed by a substitute, Cosmos has you covered. One way you can assess the students learning (or at the very least to keep them focused on the show) is to give them a worksheet to fill out during the viewing, or as a quiz afterward. Feel free to copy and paste the worksheet below and use it as the students watch Episode 12 of Cosmos entitled The World Set Free. This particular episode is also a great way to battle any resistance to the idea of global climate change. Cosmos Episode 12 Worksheet Name:______________ Directions: Answer the questions as you watch episode 12 of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey What planet is Neil deGrasse Tyson talking about when he says it used to be paradise?How hot is the surface of Venus?What are the clouds that block the Sun on Venus made of?Which country landed a probe on Venus in 1982?What is the difference in the way carbon is stored on Venus and on Earth?What living thing created the White Cliffs of Dover?What would Venus have needed in order to store carbon in the form of a mineral?What on Earth primarily controls the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?What did Charles David Keeling manage to do in 1958?How can scientists read the â€Å"diary† of the Earth written in the snow?What major event in history is the starting point of the exponential rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?How much carbon dioxide do volcanoes add to the atmosphere on Earth every year?How did scientists conclude the extra carbon dioxide in the air contributing to climate change was not made from volcanoes, but instead comes from burning fossil fuels?How much ext ra carbon dioxide are humans putting into the atmosphere every year by burning fossil fuels?How much additional carbon dioxide has been spewed into the atmosphere since Carl Sagan first warned about doing so in the original â€Å"Cosmos† television series in 1980?What do Neil deGrasse Tyson and his dog walking on the beach symbolize?How are the polar ice caps an example of a positive feedback loop?At what rate are the Arctic Ocean ice caps receding now?How is the permafrost near the North Pole melting increasing carbon dioxide levels?What are two ways we know that the Sun is not the cause of the current global warming trend?What amazing invention did Augustin Mouchot first display in France in 1878?Why was there no interest in Augustin Mouchot’s invention after he won the gold medal at the fair?Why did Frank Shuman’s dream of irrigating the desert in Egypt never come to be?How much of the wind’s power would have to be tapped in order to run all of civiliz ation?The manned missions to the moon were a direct result of what period in the United States’ history?Who were the first group of people to stop wandering and begin civilization by using agriculture?

Elie Wieses Dangerous and Frightening Life in Night Essays

During 1944, Europe was a very dangerous place to grow up in. Adolf Hitler,who was the leader of Nazi Germany had a vendetta to take out the Jewish inhabitants of Europe and all over the world. So being a Jew in any European country was a constant struggle of persecution and fear, because Hitler had absolutely no remorse and would do whatever it took to take out the Jewish religion. Elie Wiesel was a young boy growing up in the small town of Sighet, Hungary. He was very religious and spent much of his own time studying the Talmud and reading into the Jewish religion. He was an ambitious character and had very little hate for anyone, he also was very open minded and very compassionate for all those around him. But when the Nazis first†¦show more content†¦But yet he continued his belief in Judaism and did not lose his faith. Elies family was a very well respected family in the town of Sighet, his father was very well liked but also he was very realistic. He would ask Elie why he prayed so much and his views on Jewish religion. Elies father did not support Elies passion for studying the Kabbalah, sayingYou are too young for that. Maimonides tells us that one must be thirty before venturing into the world of mysticism, a world fraught with peril. First you must study the basic subjects, those you are able to comprehend. Elie and his father had a distant relationship while they lived with their entire family, but when Elie and his father are separated from the rest of their family they gain a much closer relationship as they try to survive the Nazi concentration camp. Elies father does everything he can to protect his son, and at Aushwitz as they pass the ditches that the babies and infants are burned in, his father wishes that Elie was sent with his mother because he does not want to watch his only son d ie. Elie and his father suffer a year at Auschwitz, they go through the pain and suffering of being separated from their family and the uncertainty of what the future holds for each of them. Each day they not only suffer from the harsh working conditions and lack of food and rest but also must watch many die right before their eyes. While Elie and his father work at the factories at Buna they

Management and Steps Free Essays

|Name: |Date: | Graded Assignment Test Part 2: Thinking and Feeling 1. Write one short-term goal for enhancing your sense of self, and list all of the steps necessary to achieve the goal. The steps to your goal must include how you will deal with the positive and negative influences on your sense of self. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Steps or any similar topic only for you Order Now (15 points) One goal to enhance my sense in self would to probably be to go to the gym and work out my muscular shape. The steps would include going to the gym daily and following the trainer’s instructions on how to build my muscle. The steps might go as follows: 1. Go to gym every day to increase muscular mass. 2. Every night preform a few exercises and such to maintain muscle mass 3. Eat healthy and lots of protein. 4. Take trainers advice of what else must be done. Some positive influences on my sense of self might be my social environment (Lots of close friends who actually will go to the gym with me so it applies to my goal as well). My friends also encourage me in whatever I choose to do. I will welcome this encouragement and it will definitely help me reach my goal. A negative influence might be an internal critic saying that I can’t reach my goal and that its way too hard and takes too much time. I will try to ignore this idea and focus on succeeding my goal and won’t stop until I do. 2. Imagine you are teaching a fifth grader about health. Write a paragraph for the fifth grader that explains why effective communication is related to health. Include a definition of â€Å"effective communication† in your paragraph. (15 points) Effective communication is being able to talk with someone in a better way, a way that both talkers will understand each other more clearly. Good communication first requires that you know what you are trying to talk to. If you don’t know what you are trying to say, it is difficult to communicate an effective message. It also means being able to listen to others, to let them know what you are thinking and feeling, and to say â€Å"no† when you need to. Effective communication is important to health because people understand each other a lot better with effective communication. Most people already think they know how to communicate well, that may be true, but how many times have you felt frustrated that someone didn’t really understand what you were trying to say? Or that you didn’t â€Å"get† what someone was telling you? Or that you agreed to do something you didn’t want to do? With effective communication you can learn how to talk and communicate with people better, which is a lot better for your health. 3. Pick a specific mental or emotional problem. List at least 5 signs or symptoms of that problem. Then list at least 3 actions you would take if a friend showed these signs. Then write down one reliable source of help you would use if your friend needed immediate help. (15 points) Five symptoms of depression are: 1) Deep sadness or emptiness 2) Feeling hopeless, guilty, helpless or worthless 3) Unable to make decisions 4) Weight or appetite changes 5) Wanting to be alone most of the time To help my friend with his problems, first I would suggest a counselor for him to go to. I would never leave him alone and always comfort him at all times. I would always make it clear for my friend that I am there for him and will help him deal with all his problems. 4. Write down one source of stress in your life. List the 3 steps of self-management, and create a plan to manage that stress in a healthy way. Your plan should have at least 4 stress management techniques. (15 points) One source of stress in my life is the large amount of summer course work I have to do. The three steps of self-management include: Identify the stressor. What’s bothering you? This is the most important step. * Change or manage the way you respond to the stressor. * Ask for help from a parent or guardian, a trusted friend, a counselor, or another trusted adult. My plan is to practice the three steps of self-management and then practice the following 4 steps: 1. Set realistic goals and prioritize what has to be done 2. Eat nutritious foods and get enough sleep. 3. Relax by deep breathi ng 4. Take time to do entertaining stuff (play sports, watch tv) How to cite Management and Steps, Essay examples

Child Labor In Victorian England Essay Example For Students

Child Labor In Victorian England Essay The report described the children as Chained, belted, harnessed like dogs black, saturated with wet, and more than half-naked, crawling upon their hands and knees, and dragging their heavy loads behind them' Yancey 34. This quote from Ivor Brown probably best describes the strenuous work preformed by a child laborer during the Victorian Era. Child laborers played an important part in developing the countrys economy. Children, one of the main sources of labor in Victorian England, endured less than adequate living and working conditions. During the Victorian Period children were good sources of labor. Beginning work as young as six or seven employers saw many benefits to hiring children Yancey 33. Adolescents were a significant part of the labor force because they could be paid lower wages Cody. Also their naturally small and nimble hands and bodies were easily maneuverable. Employers most often hired children over adults because kids were powerless and would not revolt Yancey 33. Economic conditions forced poor children into working, sometimes as hard and long as their parents Cody. Essential to the economy, Parliament supported child labor saying a child was more useful to his family working Altick 249. Child laborers led very hard and grossly disgusting lives of filth. Generally the living quarters of laborers were poorly built, rotting, even falling down, with little ventilation. There was no indoor plumbing causing people to throw human waste on unpaved streets. Houses were often crowded and rented by the room or even by the corner. Dirty floors and leaky roofs did not stop people from living in over crowded basements and attics McMurtry 159. The majority of the day of young workers was spent without their family. The factory system split up families for as much as fourteen hours. The time they did have together was either spent eating or sleeping. Young daughters developed no housewife skills because they were working and their working mother was not there to care for and teach them. The role or father was decreased since he was not the sole supporter of the family Harrison 74. The life of a child laborer was much like this; thus they learned little about life Harrison 74. Despite its major importance education played a very small role in the lives of children. In the Victorian Era there was a refined belief that education was not needed Altick 249. Few working kids had more then two or three years of schooling Altick 250. In 1840 only twenty percent of the youth population had any schooling at all Cody. Then in 1870 the Education Act was passed stating that all children, ages five through ten, must attend school. Yet, it was not until 1881before the act became nation wide Child Labor. Many children tried to avoid school mainly because of the hot, noisy, odorous, and unsanitary classroom environment. School buildings were inadequate along with schoolteachers. Most of the teachers were not properly trained and were usually failures in life. Children often picked work over school due to the fact that working earned them money while school earned them nothing Altick 250. There were many different indoor jobs a child laborer could have during the Victorian Period. Two of the most commonly heard of jobs included servants and sweatshop workers. Boys and girls became household servants around ten or twelve. They would help around the house doing all sorts of different activities and odd jobs. Children were required to follow many rules around the family since they were of the lower class. Younger servants could not even be seen, heard, or around the family or their friends McMurtry 169. Sweatshops were very small makeshift factories, usually ran by poor immigrants. The daily conditions of the shops were dirty, cramped, and unventilated. Fire was a serious threat because escape routes were usually narrow stairs that were hard to climb. .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .postImageUrl , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:hover , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:visited , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:active { border:0!important; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:active , .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5053372395f1b9c3144a0a4f6b4fe28a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: CURRENT EVENTS: EssayThough most shops were illegal, Parliament did not stop them since the economys stability relied on their operation Yancey 28. Two of the most popular jobs during the era involved outdoor work; they were chimney sweeping and mining. One of the most brutal forms of child labor was chimney sweeping. Many young boys would apprentice with masters to be trained adequately. They learned how to climb inside chimneys to clean off the soot and creosote. However, there were many dangers like burns, falls, and suffocation. Mining quickly turned into the most dangerous of child occupations Yancey 33. People who worked in mines faced daily threats of cave-ins and explosions Yancey 27. Girls and boys as young as five worked twelve to sixteen hours a day. Children were sent down to haul up loads of coal from crammed passages Yancey 33. Often accidents would occur when children lost hold of mine carts causing them to run over them Yancey 34. In 1833 a law was passed limiting the amount of hours kids could work in textile factories, and in 1842 the law was extended to child in mines. Finally in 1847 Parliament outlawed females and boys under ten from working in mines Child Labor. The environment a child worked in during this time period was, at the least very dangerous. Textile mills were crowded and poorly ventilated causing such diseases as fossy jaw, black lung, and other fatal lung diseases. In the factories candles were used for lighting. These easy to knock over light sources were a huge fire hazard McMurtry 155. Poorly heated, dim factories full of unskilled workers put many innocent children in danger. The lack of knowledge about machinery caused workers to be crushed, mangled, or beaten to death in belts. Often polluted and unsanitary buildings caused much death and illness Yancey 27. During the Victorian Era children were often mistreated and subjected to the poorest of working and living conditions. This time period was characterized by the use of children to help develop the economy. Child laborers received less than the essentials needed at home, school, and at work. The life of a young worker was in essence a life of a slave.

Rates Of Return Essays - Investment, Income, Financial Markets

Rates Of Return The issue of rates of return on foreign owned companies through foreign direct investment. On Wednesday Oct. 25th.2000,at a meeting in Montreal, the finance Minister of Canada Mr. Paul Martin in his opening address to the G20 group on promoting Globalization, stated that ?globalization will have a more human face with measures to ease financial crises and social safety nets to protect the poorest?. The meeting concluded with all the participants agreeing on a package of measures, which they say, will lead to more financial stability in the world. From a political perspective this endorsement may seem realistic. However this futuristic goal will require more foreign direct investment from corporations and other sources of private enterprise at a time when most expatriate firms are complaining about the decline of the (R.O.A) rate of return of foreign owned companies, specifically in the U.S.A. Firms based in one country increasingly make investments to establish and run business operations in other countries.U.S firms invested US$133 billion abroad in 1998,while foreign firms invested US$193 billion in the US.Overall world FDI flows more than tripled between 1988 and 1998,from US $192 billion to US$600.The share of FDI to GDP is generally rising in both developed and developing countries. In addition to this information the World Bank further stated that developing countries received about one quarter of the world FDI inflows in 1998-1998 on an average, though the share fluctuated quite a bit from year to year. It would seem that this is the largest form of private capital inflow to developing countries. This data will seem to encourage more foreign investment. Hence, one will ask if there are truly low rates of returns on investment by foreign owned companies. If this is the case then why are there so many foreign direct investment by small as well as multi-national corpo rations? In order to answer this question there must be an examination of the actual low rates of return from foreign-owned companies. This examination will be based on the performance of U.S.owned companies. A research done by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) provided new estimates of the rate of return for foreign ?owned US nonfinancial companies that are disaggregated by industry and valued in current-period prices for the years 1988 to 1997.The new estimates. Along with company-level estimates for US owned nonfinancial US companies, were used to examine factors that help explain the low rates of return. The rate of return measure was the ( ROA) i.e. the return on assets.. This is also looked at as the ratio of profits from current production, plus interest paid to the average of beginning and end of year total assets. Also profits from current production are profits that result from the production of goods and services in the current period. Both profits and assets are valued in prices of the current period. Profits reflect the value of inventory withdrawals and depreciation on a current-cost basis. These have been adjusted to remove the income from equity investments in unconsolidated business and the expense associated with amortizing intangible assets. Total assets reflect the current cost of tangible assets. These have been adjusted to remove assets for which the return is not included in the numerator of the ROA ratio e.g. equity investments in unconsolidated businesses and ammortizable intangible assets. The new ROA estimates for foreign-owned companies indicate that: - The new current-cost estimates show that the average ROA of foreign owned companies in 1988-1997 was 5.1 percent. In contrast, the historical-cost estimates show an average ROA of 5.7 percent. - The ROA of all foreign non financial companies was consistently below that of US owned non-financial companies in 1988-1997,but the gap narrowed over time from nearly two percentage points in 1988 to one percentage point in 1997.The narrowing of the gap appeared to be related to age effects. Acquiring or establishing a new business add costs such as startup costs that disappear over time. - ; Additionally, experience can yield benefits, such as learning by doing that accumulates over time. - High startup and restructuring costs related to acquisitions also lower the profitability of foreign-owned companies. Newly acquired foreign-owned companies showed very low or negative rates of return. - Many foreign ?owned companies had a tax-related incentive to shift

How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essays

How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essays How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essay How does Charles Dickens create suspense and fear in The Signalman Essay Essay Topic: Literature Charles Dickens uses many methods to create suspense and fear in The Signalman story. He introduces fear to make the short, ghost story more interesting. Dickens set his ghost story on a railway line, which at the same time has a very modern setting and not a traditional dark, crooked old house. The tale begins with a gripping and dramatic opening line, which instantly grabs the readers attention. The first line introduces the narrator who was left anonymous throughout the story. This instantly builds up tension, as the reader does not know what sort of a person the narrator really is. When the narrator is a character in the story, it makes it easier to know how the person is feeling; this makes the reader more aware of the character and can begin to relate to them. Charles Dickens begins to create fear and suspense in the first couple of lines. The story begins with halloa! Below there! The words were shouted by a mysterious figure standing above the cutting on top of the bridge. It leaves us guessing who had shouted the words; all we know at this point is that it was a figure in the distance. Halloa was an informal welcome in the late 19th century. The actions create mystery, which is effective to create the overall suspense. Also you still havent had any kind of a physical description of the signalman so at this time you dont even know if hes human or not and you cant just make an guess you have to read on. The description of the signalman is also quite fearful as when he describes him with, pale skin, dark hair and eyes, you feel quite scared of him, when they say he has his hand to his chin, that is quite mysterious. You want to know why he has his hand to his chin The signalman is an important character as once they get talking and his actions are very weird to start off with; He stands carefully in the railway with his hand on his chin, not moving a muscle until they are face to face Before he stirred I was near enough to have touched him. Also when they do meet he makes no attempt to start the conversation, instead he looks at the red light Look towards the red light He seems very mysterious and again pretty strange. As they begin to talk again the man becomes slightly threatening and the narrator thinks that he might be a ghost This was a spirit. This is a very tense point in the story because the ghosts identity may have already been given away, but the signalman begins to show fear and asks if they have met before. After their conversation the man leaves and the signalman tells him that on his return journey not call out those words. Halloa! Below there. It builds tension over what these words really mean to the signalman and why he is scared of them. The signalman himself looks mysterious A dark pale man. This would add to the readers suspense and build up the tension, as he gets closer. They go back to the signal box and from his long description you realise that he is quite a knowledgeable man Worked at fractions and decimals. If he is so clever why is he a signalman? He is also a very skilled workman Safest of men to be employed. These questions add mystery to who he really is, which in builds up the suspense. Within their talk, the signalman looks outside toward the tunnel more than once. This creates mystery of whats going to happen, and why does he keep looking out of the box? In the first conversation he tells the man that he is troubled. This makes you ask the question what is he troubled about and does it have anything to do with his weird actions before? Could he be or knows the ghost? These questions make you think about whats about to happen? This also builds suspense. On the mans return visit he is told about the mysterious figure and how it disappeared. It was gone. This long passage describing the ghosts actions adds tension and what is the ghost going to do next? He also clears up his odd actions (when he looked down the tunnel). The ghost says those very same words. We now know that he is not the ghost so some tension is lost but it is now a matter of if the man will see the ghost and what it will say. He also tells the man of the lady who died in the carriage just after he had seen the figure Within six hours after this appearance, the memorable accident happened. You begin to think of the death and the ghosts and start wondering whos next? He is described as seemed to make the place strike colder to me, but I said no more.. This a weird description to give someone, could he be the ghost? As you here about the ghost, the narrators actions are very intriguing,. The man has the same reactions when he hears about the second ghost In the end it is the narrators fault that the signalman dies because if he hadnt called down to him in the first place, the signalman would have looked up as the train came down the tunnel. Below there, look out. The first words of the story are the most decisive words of the story. Could it have been fate? And no matter what had happened between the start of the story and his death, it couldnt have been prevented. The man obviously feels responsible for his death and you feel that if he hadnt called down to the man none of this would of happened. This is quite a mysterious and even more, a scary thought.

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Leadership - Assignment Example This will not only divert her focus from manager’s behavior but also help in aligning her focus towards her job thereby promising better outcomes. Secondly, as Drucker (2006) asserts, taking responsibility for communication helps in demystifying many misunderstandings or notions that both have built for each other. Patricia should try to understand what tasks and responsibilities the manager has, and how her work relates with the manager’s responsibilities. Through frequent and constructive interaction, she will be able to understand and assess the manager’s expectations. Thirdly, as a new comer, Patricia is required to learn all aspects related to the job, the organization and the business before she could start delivering the desired results. This can be achieved only through extensive communication with all relevant people, which includes her manager as well. In short, adaptation to the change, effective learning and improved communication will help Patricia to change her perception towards her manager and in improving their working

The Extras Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Extras - Assignment Example Still this single case of their alone communication with its final interruption of people pretending to be from police, which have come for the blind neighbor without a warrant, lowers both Salem and Nada from heaven to the earth. Now they again realize the whole desperateness of their state with their hollow tries to free from the cage of inequality. Film’s title â€Å"The Extras† itself probably speaks for director’s intention to underline the subordinate role of ordinary people who have no money so cannot be powerful and make decisions for the benefit of the same citizens. The obvious reason for such a title is in the situation of Syria in the nineties when the representatives of the Arab socialist autocracy held the reins of power. So, with the help of drama and tragicomedy Nabil Maleh establishes several acute for his country themes, such as: a subject of humiliated state of ordinary Arabs and their social vulnerability to the repression of autocratic rulers, being depicted on the example of the blind neighbor musician and through Nada’s reflections about people who are forced to be silent, and the theme of love relations between Muslims (the case of Salem and Nada, Adel and his fiancà ©e). In fact, the film also deals with Syrian identity, which is realized through the striving of main characters for freedom and democracy within their lives and the present of their country. Moreover, the social inequality is a crucial point of the film, which is shown not only through the unjust acts of police and inability of Salem-lawyer to help the oppressed neighbor, but also through various theatre parts of Salem as an extra. This is a particular point of social situation in Syria, which appears to be under critics of the film. Poverty and injustice are another two peculiarities of Syrian socio-political situation of the nineties, which keep pace with each other, and their

Best Practice of Suturing Wounds Within Pre-Hospital Setting

Best Practice of Suturing Wounds Within Pre-Hospital Setting Title: Review of best practice of suturing wounds within the pre-hospital and emergency department setting. Essay Suturing as a treatment for cutaneous wounds has been known to mankind for millennia. The Indian Surgeon Susruta (AD c380-c450) described techniques for skin closure using flax, hemp, and hair. Jaws of the common black ant were also known to be used at about this time. Galen recommended silk and catgut in about 150 AD. A Roman, Avicenna, is credited with describing the first monofilament suture in the form of pig bristles for infected wounds. (Moy R L et al. 2002) Suture material may have evolved from the first recorded human hair and fibrous vegetable material to highly sophisticated sterile materials with integral needles, but the basic optimum technique of â€Å"closing dead space, supporting and strengthening wounds until healing increases their tensile strength, approximating skin edges for an aesthetically pleasing and functional result, and minimizing the risks of bleeding and infection.† are largely unchanged. (Scott M 1993) In consideration of this subject, this essay will consider suturing in the context of the suturing of wounds in an Accident and Emergency Dept. or the pre-hospital setting as opposed to other considerations of suturing that are possible. The different ways of suturing. There are a great many different ways to suture a wound. The method employed will depend on factors such as the site and nature of the wound as much as it depends upon the training and experience of the operator In the general context, wounds may be closed by either primary or secondary suturing. Primary suturing takes place shortly after the injury and requires minimal cleaning and preparation. Secondary closure takes place when a delay of more than 24 hrs has occurred and requires a surgical â€Å"freshening† of the wound to remove and infection and granulation tissue. The presence of reddening or oedema of the wound margins, discharge of pus, persistent fever, or systemic toxicity are indications that primary closure should not be attempted as any infection in the wound must be controlled before closure takes place. If the decision to suture is taken, this should ideally (with very few emergency exceptions) take place in controlled sterile surroundings with proper suturing equipment. In terms of different ways of suturing, one can note that the textbooks suggest many different varieties of mechanisms with varying degrees of sophistication for closing skin in different circumstances. In broad terms however, sutures can be interrupted (single) or continuous (running suture), transcutaneous or subcuticular. Associated Infection risks to suturing in the pre hospital setting and the emergency department There is a considerable literature relating to bite wounds and the rationale underpinning the decision whether or not to suture in the pre-hospital setting. The authoritative papers in this area have identified Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Eikenella, Pasturella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Hemophilus, Enterobacter, Capnocytophaga carnivorous (DF-2) and Bacteroides species as being frequent contaminants of animal bite wounds and such wounds must receive careful antiseptic treatment prior to suturing. (Morgan M et al. 2007) One definitive study on the subject of whether prophylactic antibiotics are important over and above standard wound cleaning and debridement found that a greater number of patients developed wound infections if they did not receive prophylactic antibiotics with deeper wounds being more likely to develop infection than superficial ones.( Dire D J 2001). In broad terms, suturing must be carried out with rigorous aseptic technique. By definition, this refers to the absence of pathogenic organisms. It may well be that the wound to be treated is already infected by its nature (viz. an animal bite or a dirty wound) but the aseptic technique is central to ensuring that no further infection is introduced into the wound. The main principles of an aseptic technique include: Keeping the exposure of susceptible sites to a minimum Ensuring appropriate hand decontamination prior to the procedure Using gloves (sterile or non-sterile, depending on the nature of the susceptible site) Ensuring that all fluids and materials used are sterile Checking that all packs used are sterile and show no evidence of damage Ensuring that contaminated and non-sterile items are not placed in the sterile field Not reusing single-use items Reducing staff and/or bystander activity (wherever possible) in the immediate vicinity of the area in which the procedure is to be performed. (HCAI 2008) In any discussion of infection risks, one must not overlook the possibility of the reverse infection of healthcare professionals becoming infected by coming into contact with tissue fluids from the patient. Scrupulous attention to the Health Dept’s published guidance on protection against infection with blood-borne viruses for healthcare professionals in 1998 (UKHD 1998) should help to minimise the risk of blood-borne virus transmission to health care workers from patients. Suturing always carries the attendant risk of a needle prick injury even in the most experienced hands. An unexpected move from the patient, a sudden thread break of even inattention, can easily have major repercussions if it results in a stick wound to the operator. (Bosch X 2003) Pros and cons of suturing. The purpose of a suture is to hold the edges of a wound together in good stable apposition until the natural healing processes are sufficiently well established to make the support provided by the suture material unnecessary and redundant. There is a distinct difference however, between the results from good and bad suturing. For example, if sutures are made excessively tight, the tissue becomes ischaemic from the pressure. This encourages persistence of infection and tissue necrosis. Too many sutures will also make a wound ischaemic. Materials which are multifilament or braided can allow bacteria to enter the wound (by wick action) but can exclude phagocytes. It is therefore appropriate to draw distinctions between the results obtained from optimal suturing and poor suturing. Sutures are not the only mechanism available for achieving wound closure. Synthetic and natural tissue glues, surgical staples and flexible non-tensile tapes all have their place in maintaining wound edge apposition. Choice of technique is dependent on the anatomy of the area to be closed, whether it is going to be exposed to movement stresses, as well as the type and depth of the wound itself. Criteria for the choice of closure is a vast subject and beyond the scope of a modest essay, but decisions for optimum means of wound closure have great implications for successful healing and good aesthetic results. (Spotnitz W D et al. 1997) Training involved to enable medical staff to perform suturing. Training staff to suture requires a combination of a knowledge of the physiology of the healing processes, anatomy and clinical experience. There are a number of teaching aids commercially available for suture training. It is not simply a matter of learning how to suture, but the motor skills are also capable of considerable enhancement once the basic techniques are acquired. (Judkins T N et al. 2008) Suturing v non suturing of wounds. Are there benefits to these alternative methods? Suturing has been tried and tested with modern materials for many years. It does have the downside that, in inexperienced hands it can have sub-optimal effects with poor aesthetic and functional results, wound ischaemia if done too tightly and raises the possibility of pathogens entering the wound along the suture line. Alternative methods of skin closure have been developed over the last 40 years including various glues and sealants. The majority are fibrin / thrombin based. The current commercially available glues are bacteriologically and virally sterile (which contrasts to the biologically derived early varieties). Glues have the downside that they are not good in sites that are under considerable tensile stress. Full thickness wounds, particularly those that involve the deeper structures need deep sutures to minimise stresses in the skin. Glues are best for minor skin wounds. (Mintz P D et al. 2001) Adhesive strips are used for minor wounds and have the advantages that they have less of an inflammatory reaction than sutures, lower infection rates and no risk of abscess development at suture locations. They also have greater tensile strength when used late in the healing process and are cheap. Staples are used for wound closure primarily in surgical situations. They require considerable practice and expertise in use for optimal results. Some authorities advocate their use in the pre-hospital setting (particularly on the sports field) to minimise blood contamination and to allow suturing at a later stage. (Orchard J W 2004) Paramedics suturing skills within pre hospital setting. There are a number of studies which have been done which demonstrate that, within the hospital setting, to use paramedics for suturing duties can reduce the number of patients who are waiting to see a medical practitioner by up to 25%. This study also noted a patient satisfaction rate that was superior to having to wait to see a doctor or nurse. There was no difference in the morbidity rates after one month. Those who object in principle to this use of a paramedic on the grounds that it would require training beyond the expertise of the practitioner would find the argument hard to support when one considers that paramedics are currently trained in more sophisticated skills such as intubation, cardiac resuscitation and critical patient assessment. Hale presented a prospective double blind trial to determine if Paramedics could determine which wounds could be safely repaired in the pre-hospital situation and found a very high correlation (almost 100%) between emergency specialists and paramedics in the wounds that were excluded from pre- hospital repair. The paramedics tended to be slightly more cautions than the emergency specialists in identifying which wounds should be brought into the hospital setting. (Hale D et al. 2000) Different types of sutures and there pros and cons, number of days that sutures should be in situ for. Even a brief overview of available suture materials would extend to many pages. In general terms therefore one has to consider the two major categories of Absorbable and Non-absorbable suture material. In general terms, absorbable sutures are to be preferred unless there is a need to fixate an anatomical structure. These two categories can be further subdivided into the braided group (which have properties of tissue drag and a capillary filling effect but handle well) and the monofilament group which slide easily but can be more difficult to retain a knot. Of the absorbable varieties, the modern synthetic types undergo hydrolysis in the tissues, produce minimal tissue reaction and their degradation products are CO 2 and H2O. Examples are Polyglycolic acid, Polydioxanon and Polylactate Studies show that all three retain their tensile strength until clinical tissue healing is complete with Polyglycolic acid being 60% absorbed within 21 days and Polylactates being 75% absorbed in 14 days. (Hsiao W C et al. 2000) Non-absorbable suture materials include silk, linen and cotton with synthetic varieties including nylon and Dacron and wire. References Bosch X. Second case of doctor-to-patient HIV transmission. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2003; 3: 261. Dire D J (2001) Cat bite wounds : risk factors for infection. Ann Emerg Med 2001 Sep; 20 (9) : 973 9. Hale D, Sipprell K (2000) Ability Of Paramedics to determine which wounds can be repaired in the field. Pre-Hospital Emergency Care. Volume 4, Number 3, July September 2000 , pp. 245 249 (5) HCAI and Cleanliness Division Ambulance staff . Reducing infection through effective practice in the pre-hospital environment. Dept. of Health Publication HMSO : London 18th June 2008 Hsiao W C, Young K C, Wang S T, Lin P W. (2000) Incisional hernia after laparotomy : randomised comparison between early-absorbable and late-absorbable suture materials. World J Surg 2000; 24 : 747 751. Judkins T N, Oleynikov D, Stergiou N. et al. (2008) Enhanced Robotic Surgical Training Using Augmented Visual Feedback. Surgical Innovation, Vol. 15, No. 1, 59 68 (2008) Mintz P D, Mayers L, Avery N, Flanagan H L, Burks S G, Spotnitz W D.(2001) Fibrin Sealant : Clinical Use and the Development of the University of Virginia Tissue Adhesive Center. Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science 31 : 108 118 (2001) Morgan M, Palmer J. (2007) Dog bites. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24; 334 (7590) : 413 7. Moy R L, Waldman B, Hein D W. (2002) A review of sutures and suturing techniques. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. Sep 2002; 18 (9) : 785 95 Orchard J W (2004) Video illustration of staple gun use to rapidly repair on-field head laceration. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38 : e 7 Scott M. (1993) 32,000 years of sutures. N Engl J Med. . May 1993; 20 ( 5) : 15 27. Spotnitz W D, Falstrom J K, Rodeheaver G T. (1997) The role of sutures and fibrin sealant in wound healing. Surg Clin North Am. Jun 1997; 77 (3) : 651 69. UKHD (1998) UK Health Departments. Guidance for clinical health care workers: protection against blood-borne viruses. London : Department of Health, 1998. ################################################################ 12.12.2008 Word count 2,259 PDG

Romanticism Paper

The art of romanticism evolved during sass's, The art focuses on different human emotions, natural environment, a person's experience, differences among people, traditional way of life and on the unique talent that every artist possess. The art of romanticism is present in literary works, poetry, performing arts, and music. During the period of romanticism, poetic creations were focused on nature's attractiveness and individual experiences in a locality. One illustration is the â€Å"Song of Myself†, a poem created by Walt Whitman.In this poem, he compared nature with errors like things and other beings. One of the lines Is crafted this way, â€Å"My tongue every atom of my blood, and form from this soil, this air. † What Whitman wrote was based on his own individual experience but it speaks about no particular person. This kind of art shows feelings not only through the written words but also through the imagination that the reader has at the time that one reads the po em. Paintings during the romanticism period show liberty in social and artistic laws.The capacity of colors and lines were maximized to give the painting creation a unique and emotional theme. One painting that portrays a true to life story is the â€Å"Execution of the Citizens of Madrid†, The portrait showed how Madrid forces opposed the army of Napoleon who were invading their country. Upon scrutinizing the portrait it is not difficult to pinpoint the details that the painter wants to emphasize. It is clear that a man wearing a white shirt was about to be killed.Dark red, orange, and black colors were also used to show the negative and heavy feelings that the Individuals felt during that period. Geometric figures were also utilized to enhance the image shown in the painting. Through color blending and figure organization, the romanticism painters were able to showcase emotions and events in their art creations. Dance movements during the romanticism period show emotions th rough the different coordination. Ballet is one of famous dance movement that was developed during that time.Two major persons behind the development of romanticism dance are Audiophile Gaudier and Carlo Blasts. Gaudier is both a poet and a critic. He once said that dance was a visual performance that depicts attractive creations through graceful movements. For him, dancing is an art like how painting and sculptures ere classified as art works. On the other hand, Carol's disposition on dancing is particular and procedural. For him, dancing is a combination of structure, position, and training. Ballet, for example has to have the starting point, the climax, and an ending.He is not giving his dancers the option to create their own set of movements but all of them have to adhere to what his rules are. His dancers would have to portray the emotions that Carlo wants them to portray. Gaudier is different. He wants his dancers to think outside the box to create a unique coordination. Gaudi er allows is dancers to freely express themselves though dance movements and for him, it is where art is. Both of them have their own point of view about how dancing should be called an art and their contributions in the field were considered significant.Symphonies, piano, and opera are few of the music that was developed during the romanticism period. Beethoven was one of the significant persons during romanticism period in the field of music. He was a classical composer and was well- rounded in creating a piece out of the different instrumental sounds. His pieces were loud and full of energy. A person listening to his creation would imagine watching a dramatic play or feeling uneasy for an intensified problem. An opera can both have a serene and piercing theme.This depends on the song and the instruments being used. Opera music is not a stand-alone art. It can be played during a ballet performance or during a stage play. Opera can enhance the emotional expressions that an act shou ld portray. To give a concrete example, imagine an act during a storm; the opera singer will sing a fast and loud song to add intensity to the act. If the act is at a lake with a swan, the opera singer will sing in a slow and calm tone to ad peacefulness to the scene. Playing piano can enhance the imagery of a particular scene.Even if it is played alone, the sound that a piano creates can stimulate emotions of the listeners. Indeed, the music during the romanticism era creates a variety of moods. To sum up, the period of romanticism focuses on expressions and moods. The art in the field of music, painting, poetry and dancing were greatly affected by the art evolution during this era. These effects can be seen from different works that were introduced during the period. Reference Spore, D. J. 0. Reality Through The Arts

Learning and Intelligence Essay

We all learn well in our own different ways, we cannot all learn the same way. For example, some of us are visual learners (pictures, videos, etc), and some of us are incapable of learning visually, we learn well orally (speaking out loud, listening to someone else speak out loud, etc). Some of us just read over notes and learn well that way. Myth 2: That intelligence is largely fixed at birth, and can be accurately determined by IQ or similar standardized tests. There is no limit to intelligence, we are able to learn much more, and we are skilled at much more than that of which can only be determined in an IQ/ any other standardized test. For example, an individual can be creative (art, poetry, story writing, inventions). Myth 3: That there is only one form of intelligence. We all are skilled at different things; we cannot all be skilled at exactly the same stuff in exactly the same way. For example, some of us are good at art and some aren’t, then some of us are good at writing, it doesn’t necessarily mean if u aren’t good at playing soccer, then you won’t be good at playing tennis. Myth 4: That all intelligence is inherited. There is no limit to intelligence, although your level of intelligence can be inherited but a great deal of your intelligence is developed through your environment, experience and culture. Both your inherited intelligence and personal development of intelligence work together and builds new sets of skills and abilities. Myth 5: That intelligence is the same as logical, analytical thinking. Intelligence takes 3 forms: Analytical, Creative and Practical, But only Analytical intelligence is measured in IQ/other standardized tests, therefore there is no measured level for creative ability, practical or commonsense ability, athletic ability, musical ability, etc. Myth 6: That everyone has the ability to succeed at anything. Different aptitudes help people excel in different ways, for different things. For example, a great manager may not necessarily be good at playing the piano. Myth 7: That school is the main or best place to learn. School is not necessarily the best place to learn, just because we spend most of our time there, listening to people feed us information, some of us learn better when we are in our own comfort zone by taking in information all on our own. For example, I learn best at home in my lounge, my friend learns best while relaxing in her garden. Myth 8: That â€Å"standards† are the real test of learning, and can easily be measured by standardized written tests. These tests only measure a part of the intelligence of an individual. These tests cannot measure other greater abilities, skills and talents of an individual. For example, for these tests, a student can easily memorize information, but how do we know if they can apply this information? (iii) Learners get despondent, lack of motivation, hampers self-esteem development, lead to behavioral problems. Learners should experience success, so the learner build on their strengths. Schools should rather: Focus on developing strengths, not on weaknesses. Not waste time trying to †put in what was left out†. Try to â€Å"draw out what was left in† Search for talent, but train to develop skills and abilities. (iv) 1. Eat a good breakfast every morning, preferably with plenty of fresh fruit. 2. Eat a good lunch. 3. Make fish, nuts and vegetable â€Å"fats† key parts of your diet. 4. Exercise regularly to oxygenate the blood. 5. Cleanse the toxins out of your body. Exercise ~ Phys. Ed: Encourage learners to take part in sport/drama. School tuck-shop ~ sell healthier foods. Awareness Campaign: Discussions, posters, check lunch box content. (v) Howard Gardner, David Perkins, and Robert Sternberg have all been quite successful in helping spread knowledge about the meaning of â€Å"intelligence† and applications of this knowledge to education. The study and measurement of intelligence has been an important research topic for nearly 100 years IQ is a complex concept, and researchers in this field argue with each other about the various theories that have been developed. There is no clear agreement as to what constitutes IQ or how to measure it. There is an extensive and continually growing collection of research papers on the topic. Howard Gardner (1983, 1993), Robert Sternberg (1988, 1997), and David Perkins (1995) have written widely sold books that summarize the literature and present their own specific points of view. The following definition is a composite from various authors. Intelligence is a combination of the ability to: 1. Learn. This includes all kinds of informal and formal learning via any combination of experience, education, and training. 2. Pose problems. This includes recognizing problem situations and transforming them into more clearly defined problems. 3. Solve problems. This includes solving problems, accomplishing tasks, fashioning products, and doing complex projects. (vi) Warm environment Interactive method Build thinking skills Plenty of activations Apply it in practice Review and celebrate Four criteria when determining the best learning â€Å"state† : Orchestrating the environment. Setting the right mood and getting students’ attention. Early activity is vital. Bring on the music (vii) How you perceive information most easily How you organize and process information What conditions are necessary to help you take in and store information How you retrieve information (viii) Likely traits: Negotiates well Relates well Able to read others’ intentions Enjoys being with people Has many friends Communicates well Enjoys group activities Likes to mediate disputes How to strengthen learning: Do learning activities cooperatively Take lots of breaks to socialize Use â€Å"pair and share† activities. Use relationships and communication skills Do â€Å"partner talks† on the phone Have parties and celebration of learning Make learning fun Integrate socialization into all curricular areas (ix) Students’ reading levels should be checked first. Students should be matched in pairs, with tutor only a slightly better reader. Books should be chosen for the right reading and interest levels. Tutors are trained with a simple checklist, which shows them how to use â€Å"pause, promt and praise† techniques. . BILBIOGRAPHY Dryden, G & Vos, J. (2005). The New Learning Revolution. UK: Network Edcuational Press Ltd.

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